Descripción morfológica e histológica del tejido hepático de Gambusia holbrooki (Pisce: Poeciliidae) que habita en la Provincia de Arica - Chile / Morphological and histological description of the liver tissue of Gambusia holbrooki (Pisce: Poeciliidae) inhabiting the Province of Arica - Chile

Gambusia holbrooki es el pez de agua dulce con mayor distribución en Chile y el mundo, pero los estudios que abordan la morfología e histología hepática del pez son escasos. El hígado es utilizado para evidenciar efectos subletales de contaminantes ambientales y es preciso contar con una descripción histomorfológica del hígado para futuros estudios comparativos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir patrones histomorfológicos del hígado de Gambusia holbrooki, para ello se colectaron 97 individuos adultos de los sistemas límnicos de los valles de Lluta y Azapa (Extremo norte de Chile), para observar patrones morfológicos comunes en ambas poblaciones, se utilizó técnicas histológicas de rutina e histoquímica. Las evidencias demostraron que el hígado contiene tejido pancreático y su arquitectura tisular es trabecular con mayor presencia de capilares sinusoides.

Gambusia holbrooki is the freshwater fish with the greatest distribution in Chile and the world. However, studies dealing with morphology and liver histology of fish are scarce. The liver commonly shows the sublethal effects of environmental pollutants and there should be a histomorphological description of the liver for further comparative studies. The present study aims to describe histomorphological patterns of the liver of Gambusia holbrooki. A total of 97 adult individual specimens were collected from the ecosystems in the valleys of Lluta and Azapa (Region of Arica and Parinacota), to observe patterns morphologically common in both populations. Routine histological and histochemical techniques were used for analysis. The evidence showed that the liver contains pancreatic tissue, and that tissue architecture is trabecular with greater presence of capillary sinusoids.

Hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas que simula tumor sólido de páncreas / Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia mimicking a solid pancreatic tumor

RESUMEN La hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas pancreáticas es una patología donde se produce un aumen to en el número de células de los islotes de Langerhans y a veces puede simular un proceso tumoral. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un paciente con tumor sólido de cola de páncreas, sintomático, al que se le realizó esplenopancreatectomía corporocaudal laparoscópica. El resultado anatomopatoló gico posterior informó una hiperplasia neuroendocrina. Conclusión: la hiperplasia de células neuroen docrinas debería considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de tumores sólidos de páncreas. La alterna tiva quirúrgica laparoscópica es factible cuando no es posible establecer el diagnóstico prequirúrgico con estudios de imágenes o biopsia.

ABSTRACT Pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells of Langerhans islets and can sometimes mimic a tumoral process. Case report: a male patient with a symptomatic solid tail of pancreas tumor underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The pathological examination reported neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Conclusion: pancreatic endocrine cell hyperplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic tumors. Laparoscopic surgery is feasible when the preoperative diagnosis with imaging tests of biopsy is not possible.

Morfologia do pâncreas da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) / Morphology of the pancreas of pacas (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766)

Este trabalho se baseou na descrição morfológica da paca (Cuniculus paca), espécie selvagem pertencente à ordem dos roedores, típica de regiões tropicais, sendo o seu conhecimento anatômico detalhado muito importante para sua conservação, experimentação e comercialização, pois ainda são escassos na literatura os trabalhos sobre morfologia de espécies selvagens. Macroscopicamente, o pâncreas da paca é formado por lóbulos, organizados em ramificações difusas, e, microscopicamente, tal órgão possui uma camada de tecido conjuntivo frouxo, a partir da qual partem septos, que dividem a glândula em lóbulos, compostos de ácinos e ilhotas pancreáticas.(AU)

The present study aimed to describe the morphology of pacas (Cuniculus paca), a wild species belonging to the order Rodentia, found in tropical areas. The detailed anatomical knowledge of pacas is very important for conservation, experimental studies and commercialization because studies in literature about wild species are scarce. The pancreas of paca has lobes organized in diffuse branches at the macroscopic level and microscopically this organ has a loose connective tissue layer, originating septa that divide the gland into lobes composed of acini and pancreatic islets.(AU)

Aspects morphométriques tomodensitométriques du pancréas chez l'adulte

But : Evaluer les variations morphométriques du pancréas à la tomodensitométrie. Sujets et méthode : il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective sur une période de sept mois. L'étude concernait 110 sujets dont 55 hommes et 55 femmes sans antécédents d'affection ou de chirurgie abdominale. Nous étudiions pour chaque sujet le nombre de coupes ou le pancréas était visualisé, la forme générale du pancréas, la forme du pancréas à l'origine de l'artère mésentérique supérieure, la forme de la queue, la visibilité de la lobulation graisseuse et du conduit pancréatique principale. Nous mesurions l'angle formé par l'axe du corps et celui de la queue, la distance entre le bord antérieur du pancréas à la peau de la paroi abdominale ventrale, la distance entre le bord postérieur du pancréas à la peau de la paroi abdominale dorsale et les dimensions des différentes parties du pancréas. Résultats : Le pancréas était visualisé sur 35,43 coupes pour chaque sujet. Il avait une forme générale en « arc » à concavité postérieure dans 58 % des cas. A la naissance de l'artère mésentérique supérieure nous retrouvions une forme en arc à concavité postérieure dans 24 % des cas. La queue avait une forme classique dans 92,59% des coupes. Le conduit pancréatique principal était visible chez 37 sujets. La lobulation graisseuse était visible chez 31 sujets. L'angle moyen formé par l'axe du corps et celui de la queue était de 138 degré. La distance moyenne du bord antérieur du pancréas à la peau était de 76,86 mm chez les femmes ; et de 79,11 mm chez les hommes. La distance moyenne du bord postérieur du pancréas à la peau était de 123,87 mm chez les femmes ; et de 122,08 mm chez les hommes. Le diamètre moyen de la tête était de 22,8 mm chez les femmes ; et de 22,25 mm chez les hommes. Le diamètre moyen du corps était de 15,65 mm chez les femmes ; et de 15,69 mm chez les hommes. Le diamètre moyen de la queue était de 12,53 mm chez les femmes ; et de 12,35 mm chez les hommes. Conclusion : Nous retrouvons une forme générale du pancréas en « arc » ou en « s couchée ». Les dimensions chez les femmes sont plus élevées que chez les hommes mais la différence n'est pas significative. Il n'existe pas de corrélation entre le diamètre des différentes parties du pancréas et l'âge. Il existe une corrélation entre la lobulation graisseuse et l'âge

Comparative efficacy of Belzer or Euro-Collins solutions for pancreatic preservation during cold ischemic storage in rats

To compare the efficacy of different types of solutions (Belzer or Euro-Collins) for the preservation of rat pancreas during cold ischemia. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups according to the perfusion or storage solution: Group E (perfusion and storage in Euro-Collins solution); Group B (perfusion and storage in Belzer solution) and Group BE (Perfusion in Belzer solution and storage in Euro-Collins solution). After perfusion, the pancreas was excised and stored at 4˚C for 18 hours. Amylase was measured at 6, 12 and 18h, and histological analysis of the pancreas was performed after 18h of cold storage. RESULTS: Amylase was elevated and comparable in Groups E and BE after 12 and 18 hours of ischemia (p<0.05). In the exocrine pancreas, histological differences in the amount of necrosis (p=0.049), lymphocytic infiltrate (p<0.001) and neutrophilic infiltrate (p=0.004) were observed, with more favorable features present in Group B. In the endocrine pancreas, Group B showed less edema (p<0.001), but other parameters were similar among all groups. CONCLUSION: The Euro-Collins solution is inferior to the Belzer solution for the preservation of rat pancreas during cold ischemia.

Anatomia topográfica e comportamento arterial do pâncreas em cágados trachemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1838) / Anatomy surveying and behavior in pancreatic blood tortoises trachemys scripta elegans (Wied, 1838)

O cágado, Trachemys scripta elegans, conhecido popularmente como "tigre d´água americano" é uma espécie nativa das regiões aladas da Flórida e do Mississipi, nos Estados Unidos. Foram utilizados 20 (vinte) cágados (Trachemys scripta elegans), machos e fêmeas adultos, os quais foram eutanasiados, segundo a Resolução 714 de 20 de junho de 2002 do Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária (CFMV). Após a eutanásia foram identificados as aortas direita e esquerda para a injeção de Neoprene látex 450, corado com pigmento específico. Para a obtenção do molde de vinil foi injetado através das aortas direita e esquerda o acetato de vinila, seguido por corrosão em ácido sulfúrico. Observou-se que o pâncreas está intimamente relacionado com o fígado, ventrículo gástrico, duodeno e vesícula biliar. Sua face cranial esta na região distal do piloro, enquanto sua porção caudal ao longo da região cranial do duodeno. Anatomicamente o pâncreas é um órgão de estrutura alongada apresentando uma superfície levemente lobada. Quanto à vascularização arterial o pâncreas é irrigado em seu plano transversal por duas arteriais oriundas da artéria celíaca, e em cada antímero por duas artérias pancreaticoduodenais na região cranial, próximo ao piloro, pela artéria pancreaticoduodenal cranial e na porção caudal, ao longo do duodeno, irrigado pela artéria pancreaticoduodenal caudal.

The turtle Trachemys scripta elegans popularly known as "American tiger water" are native regions winged Florida and Mississippi, in the United States. We used twenty (20) turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans), adult males and females, which were euthanized under Resolution 714 of June 20, 2002 the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine (CFMV). After euthanasia were identified aortas right and left to the injection of Neoprene latex 450, stained with specific pigment. To obtain the vinyl mold aorta was injected through the right and left vinyl acetate, followed by corrosion in sulfuric acid. It was observed that the pancreas is closely related to the liver, gizzard, gall bladder, and duodenum. His face cranial this distal region of the pylorus, while its caudal along the cranial region of the duodenum. Anatomically, the pancreas is an elongated body structure featuring a lightly lobed. As to the pancreas arterial vasculature is flushed in its transverse plane of two arteries arising from the celiac artery, and each antimere two pancreaticoduodenal artery in the cranial region, close to the pylorus by the pancreaticoduodenal artery flow in the caudal portion along the duodenum.

The Relation between Inferior Mesenteric Vein Ligation and Collateral Vessels to Splenic Flexure: Anatomical Landmarks, Technical Precautions and Clinical Significance

PURPOSE: Our aim to assess clinical significance of the relation between inferior mesenteric vein ligation and collateral blood supply (meandering mesenteric artery) to the splenic flexure with elaboration more in anatomical landmarks and technical tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We review the literature regarding the significance of the collateral vessels around inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) root and provide our prospective operative findings, anatomical landmarks and technical tips. We analyzed the incidence and pattern of anatomic variation of collateral vessels around the IMV. RESULTS: A total of 30 consecutive patients have been prospectively observed in a period between June 25-2012 and September 7-2012. Nineteen males and eleven females with mean age of 63 years. Major colorectal procedures were included. There were three anatomical types proposed, based on the relation between IMV and the collateral vessel. Type A and B in which either the collateral vessel crosses or runs close to the IMV with incidence of 43.3% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas type C is present in 43.3%. There was no definitive relation between the artery and vein. No intra or postoperative ischemic events were reported. CONCLUSION: During IMV ligation, inadvertent ligation of Arc of Riolan or meandering mesenteric artery around the IMV root "in type A&B" might result in compromised blood supply to the left colon, congestion, ischemia and different level of colitis or anastomotic dehiscence. Therefore, careful dissection and skeletonization at the IMV root "before ligation if necessary" is mandatory to preserve the collateral vessel for the watershed area and to avoid further injury.

Anatomía vascular pancreática: análisis comparativo entre el patrón universal y una muestra original / Pedagogical design form teaching security and quality of medical assistance and allied disciplines at the school of medicine

La complejidad de la irrigación pancreática representa un constante desafío tanto para los cirujanos como para los médicos y estudiantes que se inician en el tema. Las descripciones clásicas presentan discrepancias que sumergen al lector en un mar de confusión. Dada la cualidad proteiforme del tema, el trabajo se centró en la confección de un esquema "patrón" de la irrigación pancreátrica a través de una revisión bibliograáfica, teniéndose en cuenta solo aquellos vasos que figuraban en la literatura médica con prevalencia superior al 50 %. Este esquema- constituido por 13 arterias- fue luego comparado con una muestra original de 22 disecciones anatómicas, confirmándose un 76,92% de semejanza. En base a los hallazgos realizados en las disecciones, sugerimos que la prevalencia de 3 de las 13 arterias debería ser revisada: la APU y los dos ramos que constituyen la arcada PD media.

The complexity concerning the pancreatic blood supply stands as a constant challenge for surgeons and even form those facing the first stages aboarding the subject. Classic descriptions show discrepancies that mislead the reader into a sea of confusion. Given the proteiform shape of this subject, our labour was centered in developing a pattern scheme of the pancreatic irrigation after a bibliographic review-taking into account only those vessels that figured in the medical literature with a prevalence surpassing 50 %. The final scheme containing 13 arteries was then compared with an original sample consisting in 22 anatomic dissections, confirming a correspondence of 76,92 %. In the light of the findings made in the dissections, we suggest that the prevalence of 3 of the 13 arteries should be revisited: the UPA and the two branches constituting the middle PD arcade.

Venous drainage from the tail of the pancreas to the lienal vein and its relationship with the distal splenorenal shunt selectivity / Drenagem venosa da cauda do pâncreas para a veia lienal e sua relação com a seletividade da anastomose esplenorrenal

PURPOSE: To identify the veins draining from the pancreatic tail to the lienal vein and its possible relationship with the loss of the distal splenorenal shunt selectivity. METHODS: Thirty eight human blocks including stomach, duodenum, spleen, colon and pancreas, removed from fresh corpses, were studied with the replenish and corrosion technique, using vinilic resin and posterior corrosion of the organic tissue with commercial hydrochloric acid, in order to study the lienal vein and its tributaries. RESULTS: The number of veins flowing directly to the splenic vein varied from seven to twenty two (14.52 ± 3.53). Pancreatic branches of the pancreatic tail flowing to the segmentary veins of the spleen were found in 25 of the anatomical pieces studied (65.79 percent). These branches varied from one to four, predominating one branch (60 percent) and two branches (24 percent). CONCLUSIONS: In 65.79 percent of the anatomical pieces studied, the veins of the pancreatic tail flowed in segmentary branches of the splenic vein. These branches could be responsible for the loss of distal splenorenal shunt selectivity. The complete disconnection of the pancreatic tail could increase the selectivity in this procedure.

OBJETIVO: Identificar as veias da cauda do pâncreas afluentes da veia lienal e a possível relação destes ramos com a perda de seletividade da derivação esplenorrenal distal. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 38 peças humanas, retiradas de cadáveres, contendo estômago, duodeno, baço, cólon e pâncreas, utilizando-se a técnica de repleção vascular com resina vinílica e posterior corrosão do tecido orgânico com o objetivo de se estudar o molde vascular da veia lienal e seus afluentes. RESULTADOS: O número de veias afluindo diretamente para a veia esplênica variou de sete a vinte dois (MA 14.52±3.53). Ramos pancreáticos da cauda do pâncreas afluindo para as veias segmentares do baço estavam presentes em 25 das peças estudadas (65,79 por cento). Estes ramos variaram de um a quatro, predominando um ramo (60 por cento) e dois ramos (24 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Em 65,79 por cento das peças veias da cauda do pâncreas desembocavam em ramos segmentares da veia esplênica. Estes ramos poderiam ser responsáveis pela perda de seletividade da derivação esplenorrenal distal e a esqueletização completa da cauda do pâncreas poderia aumentar a seletividade neste procedimento.

Fetal Topographical Anatomy of the Pancreatic Head and Duodenum with Special Reference to Courses of the Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide better understanding as to how the "double" vascular arcades, in contrast to other intestinal marginal vessels, develop along the right margin of the pancreatic head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In human fetuses between 8-30 weeks, we described the topographical anatomy of the vessels, bile duct, duodenum as well as the ventral and dorsal primordia of the pancreatic head with an aid of pancreatic polypeptide immunohisto-chemistry. RESULTS: The contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament crossed the superior side of the pylorus. Moreover, the right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery ran along the superior aspect of the pancreatic head. An arterial arcade, corresponding to the posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, encircled the superior part of the pancreatic head, whereas another arcade, corresponding to the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, surrounded the inferior part. The dorsal promordium of the pancreas surrounded and/or mixed the ventral primordium at 13-16 weeks. Thus, both arterial arcades were likely to attach to the dorsal primordium. CONCLUSION: The fetal anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal vascular arcades as well as that of the hepatoduodenal ligament were quite different from adults in topographical relations. Thus, in the stage later than 30 weeks, further rotation of the duodenum along a horizontal axis seemed to be required to move the pylorus posterosuperiorly and to reflect the superior surface of the pancreatic head posteriorly. However, to change the topographical anatomy of the superior and inferior arterial arcades into the final position, re-arrangement of the pancreatic parenchyma might be necessary in the head.

Dieta hiperlipídica e capacidade secretória de insulina em ratos / High-fat diet and secretory capacity of insulin in rats

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo investigou, em ratos, os efeitos da administração crônica de uma dieta hiperlipídica palatável sobre: ganho de peso, adiposidade, conteúdos de glicogênio hepático e muscular, glicemia e insulinemia, morfologia do pâncreas e secreção de insulina por ilhotas isoladas, incubadas in vitro. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (21 dias de idade) foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica palatável ou com dieta padrão, durante 15 semanas. Peso corporal e consumo de ração foram avaliados diariamente, glicose e insulina plasmática foram avaliadas semanalmente. Após o sacrifício, pâncreas, fígado, gastrocnêmio e tecidos adiposos foram coletados e pesados. Cortes do pâncreas foram analisados por microscopia ótica comum. Insulina plasmática e a secretada por ilhotas isoladas, após incubação na presença de diferentes concentrações de glicose, foram avaliadas por radioimunoensaio. RESULTADOS: A dieta hiperlipídica palatável aumentou a adiposidade, a percentagem do ganho de peso corporal e o conteúdo do glicogênio hepático, quando comparada à dos animais alimentados com dieta padrão. Glicemias e insulinemias de jejum não diferiram entre os grupos. A secreção de insulina das ilhotas isoladas dos ratos aumentou, nos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica, apenas em presença de concentrações fisiológicas de glicose (G= 8,3mM). A dieta hiperlipídica reduziu o tamanho do pâncreas, mas aumentou o número de células beta. Além disso, o lúmen dos vasos sangüíneos pancreáticos apresentou-se reduzido, quando comparado aos controles. CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade provocada pela dieta hiperlipídica não alterou os níveis de glicose e insulina de jejum desses animais. Apesar das alterações morfológicas do pâncreas, a manutenção da normoglicemia dos ratos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica, provavelmente, deveu-se à capacidade preservada de suas ilhotas em secretar insulina.

Development of fetal rat pancreatic islet A cells. A quantitative and immunocytochemical study

To perform a detailed quantitative immunocytochemical study of the development of fetal rat pancreatic islet A cells. Pancreases were obtained from 19 and 21-day- old fetal rats. Ten rats were used per each group. Non-fasting blood glucose levels were measured to confirm that the animals were normoglycemic. The pregnant rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and the fetuses were removed from their uteruses. They were fixed in buffered neutral formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraplast and serially sectioned [5 um]. We examined 32-48 islets [8-12 per section] for each fetus. Sections were stained by avidin biotin complex technique. A quantitative study was performed on the pancreatic islet A cells. Carl Zeiss software from Zeiss was used in this study. This study was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period January to December 2005. The volume density and the number of A cells showed a significant increase during the last days of gestation. All other parameters showed a significant increase during the last days of gestation. The A cell nuclear diameter and volume did not increase significantly during the last days of pregnancy. The A cells were well stained and occupied the peripheral part of the islets. The present study represented a detailed quantitative immunohistochemical study and demonstrated that the size of the endocrine tissue and the islet A cells increased significantly during the last days of gestation

Morphometric and functional study of the effect of maternal obesity on rat foetal islet beta cells

Maternal obesity during pregnancy was reported to affect the foetal endocrine pancreas. However, a detailed immunohistochemical morphometric structural and functional study on the endocrine pancreas of foetouses of obese mothers was not available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the effect of obesity in pregnant rats on the functional and structural integrity of the pancreatic islet beta cells of their foetouses. Pancreatic specimens were obtained from 21 day old foetal rats of obese and non-obese mothers. Sections were stained with indirect immunoperoxidase method to demonstrate beta cells. Sections were also stained with haematoxylin and eosin. A morphometric study was performed on the pancreatic islets. The blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in foetouses of obese and non-obese mothers. The volume density of islets per pancreatic tissue, the volume density of beta cells per islet, the percentage of beta cells per total islet cells and the diameter of foetal pancreatic islets of obese mothers did not vary significantly from that of the controls. The histological structure of foetal pancreatic islets of obese mothers was normal and did not differ from that of the controls. The blood glucose level of foetouses of obese mothers was not significantly different from that of the controls. The blood insulin level of foetouses of obese mothers was significantly higher than that of the controls. The results obtained from this study showed that maternal obesity did not affect the structural integrity of the endocrine pancreatic beta cells or the blood glucose level of foetouses. However, obesity during pregnancy resulted in an increase of foetal blood insulin level

new antidiabetic drug restoring normal insulin secretion from beta-cells and normal histology

A benzimidazole derivative was prepared and evaluated as antidiabetic drug. It was found to be nontoxic to albino mice up to dose of 3200 mg/kg body weight. It had no hypoglycemic activity but it was found to cause beta-cell regeneration in alloxanoised rats. Measuring blood glucose levels and insulin levels in treated alloxanoised rats were found to reach normal levels after treatment. In addition histological examination of the pancreas from treated alloxanoised rats showed normal islets of langerhans with normal morphology of beta-cells

Growth of the mouse pancreas during postnatal development

The postnatal growth of the mouse pancreas was studied using stereological methods. The measurements obtained included gland mass, total cell number, the number and frequency of cells in each morphological comportment and the nuclear and cytoplasmic volume of the acinar cells. Pancreatic mass increased significantly (>10,000 fold) in the first 70 days of life and this was accompanied by an increase of 6,841 per cent, 7,027 per cent, 4,864 per cent and 3,360 per cent, respectively. During the same period, the mean acinar cell volume increased by only 146 per cent. These results showed that growth of the mouse pancreas during postnatal development, occurred through intense profiferative activity of all cell types and by an increase in the size of individual cells, notably the acinar cells.

Gross anatomy of the pancreatic ducts in north Indians.

Gross anatomy of the pancreatic ducts was studied in dissections and by preparing corrosion casts of pancreases, obtained from 218 male and 57 female adult cadavers. In addition 72 normal pancreatograms were also examined. The main pancreatic duct (MPD) started as two or more tributaries in the tail of the pancreas and crossed the body of the 12th dorsal or the first lumbar vertebra or in between in 72.5% males and 62.5% females. In 96% specimens MPD followed the usual course and opened at the major duodenal papilla. Twenty to thirty five lobular ducts opened on either side of the MPD while a few opened on the anterior or posterior walls. There was no 'herringbone' arrangement. The distance between the two ductules varied from 1 to 10 mm. Mode of formation of the accessory pancreatic duct (APD), its course and termination were also studied. In dissected specimens the embryonic type of pancreatic duct (pancreas divisum) was seen in 9 (4.5%) male and 3 (6%) female specimens. In 15.1% male and 26.3% female (p < 0.05) subjects APD will not act as a safety valve if an obstruction occurs in the distal part of MPD.

Páncreas: patrones arteriales y sus variaciones anatómicas / Pancreas: patron arterial and variations anatomical

Demostrar las variaciones anatómicas de los patrones arteriales en el páncreas. Se utilizaron 25 cadáveres frescos de feto humano entre 36 y 40 semanas de gestación. Por vía transaórtica se inyectó acetona para limpiar el sistema arterial y posteriormente se inyectó material celuloide al 7 por ciento diluido en acetona. La glándula y sus vasos fueron disecados con lupa estereoscópica. Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Neuroanatomía y Embriológía. Instituto Anatómico Facultad de Medicina UCV. El segmento superior del arco pancreato duodenal anterior presentó duplicidad de arterias en 36,0 por ciento. Un arco pancreato duodenal posterior de tipo imcompleto se observó en el 32,0 por ciento. Las arterias pancreáticas magna, dorsal e inferior no fueron visualizadas. Son descritas arterias pancreáticas superiores para el cuerpo y cola. Las variaciones anatómicas de la irrigación del páncreas son muy variadas y de interés quirúrgico

Conducto hepatopancreático de la llama / Hepatopancreatic duct of llama

La estructura de las vísceras y glándulas anexas del aparato digestivo de los camélidos sudamericanos, muestran diferencias morfológicas con relación a otros rumiantes. Los estudios macroscópicos realizados, nos permitieron observar que en los camélidos sudamericanos la ampolla duodenal y el conducto hepatopancreático (CHP) presentan características particulares que le confieren una marcada diferencia con los bovinos domésticos, al presentar una desembocadura común de ambos conductos. Los estudios se realizaron mediante técnicas histológicas de rutina y por medio de histoquímica de lectinas. El conducto biliar se une al pancreático a unos 3 cm del duodeno, formando el CHP que desemboca sobre el duodeno en el pliegue duodenal, bien visible, con dirección caudal a favor del tránsito intestinal, recorriendo 2 cm por dentro de la mucosa intestinal. Presenta un orificio terminal en forma de bisel, ubicado a unos 40 cm del píloro. No se observa conducto pancreático accesorio. El CHP se halla tapizado por epitelio cilíndroco simple, sin células caliciformes. Sobre el pliegue duodenal se observa mayor desarrollo glandular, aumentando su espesor. El epitelio cilíndrico es más alto, más acidófilo y se invagina formando glándulas rodeadas de tejido conectivo. Las glándulas son tubulares con células acidófilas y basófilas, ricas en mucopolisacáridos. Para caracterizar los glicoconjugados, se utilizó una batería de siete lectinas (con A, UEA-1, SBA, DBA, PNA, RCA-1, WGA). En las células epiteliales de la mucosa, los glucoconjugados más destacados presentes son la N-acetilglucosamina y N-acetilgalactosamina dado que dieron marcada reactividad con las lectinas WGA y SBA. La N-acetilglucosamina y N-acetilgalactosamina son aminoazúcares que suelen encontrarse como carbohidratos estructurales. En las glándulas de la mucosa del CHP se observó que las células presentan N-acetilgalactosamina y en menor proporción N-glucosamina

Alteraciones intestinales y disminucion del crecimiento en ratas prepuberes alimentadas con soja / Intestinal alterations and reduction of growth in prepuberal rats fed with soybean

Ratas al destete de las líneas endocriadas alpha y beta, genéticamente diferentes, fueron alimentadas con una mezcla de soja y cereales formulada para consumo humano disponible en el comercio, (AN). Se usó como testigo un balanceado comercial (AC). Se evaluaron el crecimiento, variables nutricionales y la morfohistoletría intestinal. El aumento de peso vivo y la biomasa final fueron mayores con AC para ambas líneas. La eficiencia de conversión de alimento en biomasa de AN respecto de AC fue mayor inicialmente pero menor al final, especialmente en beta. Los contenidos fecales de nitrógeno y grasa fueron significativamente mayores con AN para ambas líneas. La digestibilidad aparente de nitrógeno (N), definida como la diferencia entre el N ingerido y el N excretado en heces respecto del N ingerido en la línea alpha fue AC < AN (p< 0.01) y AC> AN en la línea beta (p<0.01). El peso de intestino delgado y el espesor de su mucosa fueron AC > AN en ambas líneas. La dieta AN disminuyó significativamente el número de células caliciformes vellositarias (p<0.005) en las dos líneas de ratas. El peso del ciego en la línea beta fue AC > AN (p<0.01). Los resultados alertan respecto del consumo indiscriminado de productos en base a soja sin tratamientos addecuados de inhibición de antinutrientes, particularmente riesgosos para animales en crecimiento.